Public private partnership in solid waste management in municipal corporations of Mumbai metropolitan region

The solid waste in all municipal corporations is rising in Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Such rise in solid waste generation is observed in Brihanmumbai, Thane, Mira-Bhayandar, Kalyan-Dombivali, Ulhasnagar, Navi-Mumbai and Bhiwand-Nizampur Municipal Corporation. An increase in solid waste is observed because of increase in urbanization, population density and income, changing food habits, taste and pattern. The growth of industry, commercial units such as hotels, theaters, restaurants, malls are rising fast. Such units are positively contributing to the solid waste generation. Solid waste collection, segregation and disposal capacity of Municipal Corporations is low and inadequate with rising solid waste. Therefore municipal corporations must adopt scientific methods for collection, segregation and disposal of solid waste. Municipal corporations must accommodate private sector for investment and management of solid waste. Urgent steps in this direction will reduce the water, air, soil pollutions and health hazards. It will improve the quality life of people in Mumbai Metropolitan Region.Population, Food habits, lifestyle

Municipal Solid Waste Costs: A Comparative Analysis of Local Authority Policies in Attica

This paper presents the results from a comparative study of solid waste costs of the municipal authorities in Attica. At first, it attempts to estimate the economic cost of solid waste for a number of municipal authorities of the Attica region. The solid waste costs are determined by a number of factors, including the quantity and composition of the solid waste, collection and transportation processes, etc. A number of efficiency indicators are also estimated for each municipality in terms of solid waste disposal policy. In its last part, the paper attempts to identify the causal factors for the differentiation of municipal costs by using regression analysis.

Municipal Solid Waste Regulation: An Ineffective Solution to a National Problem

The volume of solid waste, particularly in urban areas, is increasing, and both public heath and the environment are in jeopardy because disposal methods have not kept pace. This Comment examines the historical role that municipalities have played in providing adequate methods for solid waste disposal, emphasizes the traditional methods of zoning and critiques the effectiveness of municipal regulation. It reviews recent federal and state solid waste management acts and analyzes the issue of preemption. This Comment also discusses the constitutionality of state and municipal waste bans. In conclusion, this Comment recommends more effective methods for states and municipalities to pursue in solving the problems of solid waste disposal

Importance of Municipal Solid Waste Management

Solid waste management is one among the fundamental and essential services provided by municipal authorities in the developed as well as developing countries to keep urban areas clean. In certain regions of our country, the free disposal facilities have reached their own capacity and even local governments are confronted with difficult decisions. Solid waste management is an integral element of modern society. There are many ways in which solid waste can be treated, and thanks to modernized practices and technological advancement, these methods are very safe and practical

The Use of Municipal Solid Waste Composition in Degradated Waste Soil Effectiveness in Aras Kabu Village, Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District

Introduction: This study aims to examine alternative management of paddy fields through the giving of municipal waste compost organic fertilizer in Aras Kabu Village, Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in Aras Kabu Village, Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District with an altitude of 11 meters above sea level. Soil analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Soil Physics, Conservation of Soil and Water, and Technology Research in the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This research was conducted in March until July 2017. This research used the non-factorial randomized block design with doses of organic matter (B) municipal waste compost, such as B0 = Control, B1 = 1.5% (28.70 ton.ha-1), B2 = 3.0% (37.40 ton.ha-1), B3 = 4.5% (96.10 ton.ha-1), B4 = 6.0% (104.80 ton.ha-1) Results: The provision of municipal waste compost organic fertilizer at the doses of 96.10 until 104.80 ton.ha-1 can improve the soil characteristic in Aras Kabu Village, Beringin Subdistrict so that the soil organic matter content reaches 3%

Solid waste management by considering composting potential in Malaysia toward a green country

Solid waste disposal has become a serious issue for country and municipal governments throughout the nation. As available landfill space decreases and the cost of siting and building new landfill increases, local authorities are struggling to develop alternative means of meeting the waste disposal challenge. Landfilling is the most widely used method for solid waste disposal in countries with tropical settlement. Landfills have created various environmental problems such as emissions and leachate. The public has become more aware concerning landfill issues such as increasing concern on the groundwater contamination, potential release of toxic gases and odor. A big part of these problems come from organic waste into the solid waste. Municipal solid waste in Malaysia has a large percent of food waste (around 50-60 percent) that makes a lot of problems in disposal methods. It has emerged as a potentially viable means by which local governments can reduce the volume of waste entering landfills by diverting the organic fraction. Composting is a biological process, in which the organic matter is biodegraded by microorganisms under controlled conditions of temperature, moisture content, oxygen, PH and the retention time that can be initiated by mixing biodegradable organic matter with bulking agents to enhance the porosity of the mixture. In this study, a composting plant in Malaysia is considered that uses organic waste from the market (market waste). Five tons organic waste per day is received in the plant, and it is treated by the wind raw composting method. After calculating costs and benefits of this method result shows that total quantitative benefit of this plant is not much higher than a total quantitative cost but this result is just for quantitative parameter. This method has a lot of qualitative benefits such as: reducing the amount of municipal solid waste, transportation cost of carrying municipal solid waste to land fill, emissions and leachate of landfill, increasing life span of landfill and reducing land use. Composting organic materials that have been diverted from landfills ultimately avoids the production of methane and leachate formulation in the landfills regarding to 50 percent of organic waste in municipal solid waste of Malaysia. With removing this amount of waste from MSW with using composting method, not only the environmental problems of land filling can be reduced but also the costs of transportation and other costs of disposal can be reduced by 50%. Because of one of the most important problems in tropical settlement is to find proper methods to dispose of municipal solid waste toward decreasing pollution, producing compost can be a suitable way but expanding of this treatment method in Malaysia closely related to economic governmental support

Performance analysis of biodegradable municipal solid waste collection in the Czech Republic

ArticleThe article deals with the issues of biodegradable municipal solid waste management system, focusing on its separate collection. The two basic locations are compared – rural area and urban area. The emphasis is put on evaluation of individual biodegradable municipal solid waste collections development from 2012 to 2015. Individual technological performances of collection are also observed and evaluated (e.g. biodegradable municipal solid waste production, development of container quantity and collection frequency). The observed data also verify the efficiency of biodegradable municipal solid waste management compared to relative representation of this waste in rest municipal solid waste, which is produced in both locations. Also referential locations without separate biodegradable municipal solid waste collection are observed for evaluation. There are one locality of an urban area and one rural area too. The decrease of biodegradable municipal solid waste in rest of municipal solid waste at the basic rural researched area indicates that the directive on landfills could be followed with well-chosen technological parameters of separate biodegradable municipal solid waste collection at a given site. A statistically significant impact of separate biodegradable municipal solid waste production on relative amount of the biodegradable part in rest municipal solid waste has been demonstrated at the side of this basic rural area

The Cost of Reducing Municipal Solid Waste

This paper explores public policies for reduction of municipal solid waste. We parameterize a simple model of waste disposal using supply and demand elasticities from the economics literature and 1990 prices and quantities of recyclable and recycled materials. Using this model, we calculate the waste reduction in response to three public policies: (i) deposit/ refunds, (ii) advance disposal fees, and (iii) recycling subsidies. The results illustrate the effects of the three policies on source reduction and recycling of five recyclable materials that comprise 56 percent of municipal solid waste: aluminum, glass, paper, plastic, and steel. The calculated responses provide information about the cost of reducing municipal solid waste through various policies. This analysis suggests that a 7.5 percent reduction in disposal of the solid wastes in the model might have been optimal in 1990 from a benefit-cost perspective.

Transitioning towards circular economy through municipal solid waste analysis and characterisation using SowaCLINK software

Municipal solid waste constitutes environmental challenges globally, especially in developing countries, due to increasing waste generation, population growth, inadequate infrastructure, lack of data and poor planning. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive waste audit on the municipal solid waste generated in Aba, a metropolis in southeastern Nigeria. Aba is a commercial city considered the messiest because of the massive municipal solid waste generation and poor management. The study investigated the energy potential and waste regeneration. Municipal solid waste data was sought to provide insight into the quantity and composition of municipal solid waste. The methodology was site-based, in line with the standard test method for determining unprocessed municipal solid waste (ASTM-D5231-92) and SowaCLINK software, a computer-based environmental application, was used for characterization. Linear extrapolation was adopted to quantify the rate of municipal solid waste generated. The geometric mean was applied to forecast the area’s population for a 10-year design period. The chemical elements of the characterized municipal solid waste were utilized based on the ASTM-D5291 standard for municipal solid waste thermochemical conversion, and the high and low heating values were analyzed. The outcomes provided energy recovery potential, the electrical power potential, and the power to the grid of electrical power of the municipal solid waste. The results obtained were 0.7813 kg/p/d and 490,268 t/y for a population of 1,719,185 persons. The percentage of the municipal solid waste components with energy potential was 71%, comprising 48% combustible and 23% organic components on average. The high heating value computed was 176.5 MJ/kg, and the low heating value was 14 MJ/kg. The energy recovery potential was 3,709,463 MWh, the electrical power potential was 38,680 MW, and the power to the grid was 26.1 MW daily. The research reveals a promising direction in transitioning from the linear economy of municipal solid waste management toward implementing an integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management based on the circular economy model. The study recommends adopting detailed steps to proffer solutions to the environmental challenges associated with municipal solid waste in most low-middle-income countries to achieve sustainable municipal solid waste management while generating electricity and bio-fertilizers through incineration and anaerobic digestion

SOURCE SPECIFIC QUANTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF SOLID WASTE ALONG A SANDY BEACH IN CAPE COAST, GHANA

Ghana is dealing with extensive urban periphery settlements due to the massive migration of rural inhabitants to the cities, especially to the political and economic capital, Accra and other regional capitals including Cape Coast. This phenomenon has culminated in indiscriminate solid waste disposal. With no effective municipal solid waste collection system in place, heaps of refuse have become ubiquitous in Cape Coast especially along the beaches. The quantity and composition of solid waste at two locations along a sandy beach in the Cape Coast municipality was investigated in this study. Using five permanent 20 x 4 quadrats over seven weeks in each of the two locations, the amount and composition of solid waste were assessed. The results indicated that paper, bottle, wood, leather, textile, metal, plastics, organic matter and styrofoam were the main categories of solid waste found at the sandy beach. The results also indicated that the quantity of solid waste generated at Duakor and West Gate was 514 kgha-1 and 374 kgha-1 respectively. This study suggests that source specific waste quantification and characterisation of solid waste at different scales should be a vital part of planning in municipal solid waste management systems.solid waste characterisation; quantification; sandy beach; Ghana.